Bioethics and Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART): An Islamic Ethical Analysis of Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI).

  ABSTRACT : This study presents an Islamic ethical assessment of Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), a significant form of Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART). The aim is to evaluate its acceptability within the context of Islamic law (Shari’ah) by examining its compatibility with fundamental religious principles and goals. The approach involves analysing primary Islamic source texts (Qur’an and Sunnah) and applying the framework of Maqasid al-Shari‘ah (Objectives of Islamic Law), particularly focusing on the preservation of lineage (nasab), life, and procreation, in conjunction with established legal (fiqh) rulings from prominent Islamic scholarly authorities. The conclusion is that ICSI is deemed permissible in Islam (halal), provided that it meets one stringent requirement: the gametes (sperm and egg) must come solely from a legally married husband and wife during their marriage. The use of donor gametes or surrogacy is unanimously deemed prohibited (haram) as it contravenes the sanctity of lineage. Although the technology is recognized as a valid therapeutic option, ethical concerns remain regarding the treatment of surplus embryos, which should be managed with dignity and without intentional waste. Ultimately, ICSI is morally endorsed as a method for addressing infertility that aligns with the Islamic goal of promoting fertility within marriage. The principal recommendation is for healthcare practices and regulatory policies within Muslim communities to strictly follow the spousal-only gamete stipulation. Additional recommendations include limiting the number of embryos created per cycle to reduce surplus, guaranteeing informed consent that encompasses religious considerations, and fostering ongoing scholarly discussions on new sub-techniques such as genetic screening. KEYWORDS: Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART), Gamete Donation Prohibition, Intra-Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), Islamic Bioethics, Lineage (Nasab), Word Counts: 249